https://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/issue/feedREVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA2024-03-05T15:08:52+00:00Dr. Bernardo Murillo Amadoreditor@terralatinoamericana.org.mxOpen Journal Systems<h4><span style="float: right; color: #111111; font-family: 'helvetica neue',helvetica,arial,verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18.72px; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; display: inline ! important; background-color: #ffffff;">ISSN Electrónico 2395 - 8030.</span></h4>https://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1907Editorial Committee 20242024-02-12T15:28:45+00:00Alejandro Rodríguez-Barbaformato.terra@gmail.com2024-01-30T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) https://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1620Response of Two Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to Silicon and Chlorine Applied in Shade Houses2024-02-29T18:38:57+00:00Luz Llarely Cázarez-Floresluzcazarez@uas.edu.mxLeopoldo Partida-Ruvalcabaparpolo@yahoo.com.mxTeresa de Jesús Velázquez-Alcarazteresadejesus_v@yahoo.com.mxNorma Delia Zazueta-Torresnorma.zt@eldorado.tecnm.mxMoisés Gilberto Yáñez-Juárezmoisesyj@uas.edu.mxAzareel Angulo-Castroazareel.angulo@uas.edu.mxTomás Díaz-Valdéstdiaz.10@hotmail.com<p>Plant growth, higher yield and fruit quality are positive ef fects due to the absorption of silicon (Si) and chlorine (Cl), which contributes to mitigating stress due to biotic or abiotic factors and recovering plant growth. The objective of this research was to know what the ef fect of Si or Cl does on morphometric variables, production quality and yield of the cucumber crop. A complete randomized block design was applied, four repetitions and ten treatments in seedlings: six doses of 20, 30 and 50 mg L-1 of Si or Cl, three doses with the volume:volume (v:v) ratio of 20 :20, 30:30 and 50:50 mg L-1 Si:Cl, plus the control. In plants transplanted in soil, already with five true leaves, there were nine treatments: six doses of 20, 30 and 50 mg L-1 of Si or Cl, two with the v:v ratio of 20:20 and 30:30 mg L-1 Si:Cl, and the witness. In pickle cucumber seedlings, the high dose of Cl was more ef fective in increasing leaf greenness and stem length; leaf size was greater in seedlings with the high dose of Si; while low doses of Cl or Si caused greater dry weight of roots. In the ˈModanˈ cultivar, the greenness did not change, the stem length was greater with the intermediate dose of Si, while the size of leaves was better expressed in plants with the lowest dose of Si. So perhaps the greater number of roots, the chlorophyll content and the leaf area influenced the higher yield to be expressed where Si or Cl was fertilized, as well as the firmness, TSS and °Brix of the fruits to improve.</p>2024-02-29T18:38:57+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1778Impact of vermicompost on residual and dissipation of chlorpyrifos in an entisol soil of semi-arid climate and variation in its fertility2024-02-29T17:37:55+00:00Oscar Tito-Novaotiton@unsa.edu.peSara Choqueneira-Ccasaschoqueneira@unsa.edu.peGuido Sarmiento-Sarmientogsarmientos@unsa.edu.peLuis Lipa-Mamanillipa@unsa.edu.pe<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">Excessive use of chlorpyrifos af fects the quality of agricultural soils causing negative ef fects on the safety of harvested food. The behavior of chlorpyrifos residues depends on soil properties, especially organic matter. Our aim in this research was to determine the ef fect of the application of vermicompost on the residual and dissipation of chlorpyrifos in an entisol soil of semi-arid climate with variations in its edaphic fertility. Four treatments were studied. T1: 7.5% vermicompost (V) and 92.5% soil (S); T2: 5% V and 95% S; T3: 2.5% V and 97.5% S; T4: 0% V and 100% S. The treatments were subjected to a seven-day incubation period. Subsequently, a dose of chlorpyrifos of 1.5 mg kg-1 as active ingredient was applied once for each treatment. A completely randomized design was used with three replicates for each treatment, forming 12 experimental units. The analytical determination of chlorpyrifos was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The evaluations were carried out 1.7, 14, 28, 42, 70 and 98 days af ter the application of chlorpyrifos. The results showed that the incorporation of vermicompost to the soil at increasing levels promoted a decrease in the residual concentration of chlorpyrifos and facilitated its gradual dissipation. The chlorpyrifos dissipation curves correspond to a first order logarithmic equation where the ef fects of the treatments caused greater dissipation of chlorpyrifos as the evaluation period elapsed. At 98 days of evaluation, T1 registered lower residuality (0.786 m kg-1), higher daily dissipation rate (0.008) and lower half-life of chlorpyrifos (86.64 days). At the end of the research period, edaphic levels of P, K, EC and CEC increased while OM, N and pH decreased af ter vermicompost application.</span></p>2024-02-29T17:37:55+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1782Estimation of Biophysical Variables in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) using Spectral Information and Simple Linear Regression Models2024-03-01T05:07:41+00:00Sergio Antonio Varela-de Gantevarela94max@gmail.comMartín A. Bolaños-Gonzálezmartinb72@gmail.comJosé Manuel Salvador-Castilloslcastillo990@gmail.comJuan Manuel Barrios-Díazjbarriosdia@hotmail.comGuillermo Jesuita Pérez-Marroquínguillermopma@hotmail.com<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">The fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) and the Leaf Area Index (LAI) are biophysical variables closely related to the evapotranspiration rate of crops and their biomass production. Despite their importance, they are usually not measured directly due to their time-consuming and costly nature; however, they can be estimated on a large scale and near-real-time using spectral information captured in satellite images, although this requires prior validation at the field level. Simple linear regression models were developed and validated using 13 vegetation indices (VI) related to LAI and FCV in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Three spectral information sources were used: (i) reflectance to derive the VI; (ii) digital photographs processed with the Canopeo application to estimate FVC; and (iii) direct LAI measurements using a ceptometer. Six field samples were taken between March and June, 2020 in four alfalfa plots located in Palmar de Bravo, Puebla, Mexico. To evaluate each VI, the determination coef ficient (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were used. We found that the most suitable VI for estimating FVC was the VIgreen (Green Vegetation Index, R2 =0.987 and RMSE = 0.093). For the LAI, the VI that performed best was the NDVI (Normalized Dif ference Vegetation Index, R2 = 0.935 and RMSE = 0.746). The results showed the suitability and practical utility of spectral information for estimating biophysical variables in alfalfa cultivation and their monitoring.</span></p>2024-02-29T17:29:10+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1730Evaluation of Soil Quality in Municipalities Belonging to the Central Depression of Chiapas, Mexico2024-02-29T17:17:27+00:00Griseida Cruz-Roblerogriseidacruzrob@gmail.comSilvia Guadalupe Ramos-Hernándezsilviaramosh@unicacj.mxDavid Jesús Palma-Lópezdapalma@colpos.mx<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">The state of Chiapas presents degradation processes of dif ferent kinds, as a consequence of the current established agricultural model. It is estimated that, in the near future, the surface of the state of Chiapas will present more than 55% degradation, generating changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, af fecting the quality of life of human beings, mainly due to scarcity of food. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of the soils in three municipalities of the central depression of Chiapas, Mexico. The analysis were interpreted taking NOM-021-SEMARNAT-2000 as a reference and were classified according to the world reference base (WRB), version 2014. For the evaluation of soil quality, the sustainable use of land subindex (SUSS). 144 soil samples corresponding to 21 profiles were analyzed. Of the 21 profiles studied, 17 present poor soil qualities, two a sensitive quality, one acceptable quality and one with good quality. Only two soil groups presented good fertility and are classified as Vertisols and Phaeozems, which present good quality and capacity to maintain sustainable agricultural production in this region.</span></p>2024-02-29T17:17:27+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1760Colonization Patterns by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes in a Forest Ecosystem of the Municipality of Isidro Fabela, State of Mexico2024-03-05T15:08:52+00:00Alejandra García-Maresalejandra.g.mares@gmail.comIván Pável Moreno-Espíndolaivan7878@gmail.comSantos Carballar-Hernándezimoreno@correo.xoc.uam.mxJosé Luis Gama-Floresjoluga@unam.mxMaría Jesús Ferrara-Guerreromjferraraguerrero@gmail.com<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSEF) have such an influence on plant development and on the edaphological characteristics and nutrients available in the soil that changes in these communities can drive modifications in the biotic and abiotic variables of an ecosystem, demonstrating the synergetic between species. Given its relevance, the objective of this work was to determine the status of colonization in the roots of three representative herbaceous species of the understory of a community of Abies religiosa (Kunth Schltdl. et Cham.) and Pinus harwegii (Lindl), and to contrast the coexistence of colonizers in three conservation-disturbance scenarios that exemplify the vulnerability situations of a forest ecosystem. A tripartite AMF-HESO-plant interaction is reported by the occurrence of coenocytic hyphae, vesicles, septate hyphae, moniliform cells, and sclerotia. The values of arbuscular mycorrhization exceed 50% and are higher than those found for endophytes (15.7-64.5%). The colonization of both types of fungi, such as AMF sporulation (687 spores 50 g-1 soil in the reforested area), seems to be related to the microclimatic conditions resulting from soil use. The edaphological variables that allow inferring the colonization behavior correspond mainly to available phosphorus, calcium, pH, organic matter, and cation exchange capacity. It is concluded that soil properties, its use, and the type of plants are determinant in the establishment of fungal communities. However, more studies on HESO-plant interaction are needed.</span></p>2024-02-29T17:13:16+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1773Apple Tree Rootstocks [Malus sylvestris (L.) mill. Domestic var (Borkh) Mansf.] Under Water Stress2024-02-01T04:42:30+00:00Mariela Rascón-Castillomary.castillo.1995.10.29@gmail.comCarlos Alberto Lozano-Martíneza320449@uach.mxJuan Luis Jacobo-Cuellarjljacobo@uach.mxMaria Noemi Frias-Morenofriasnohemi11@gmail.comOscar Cruz-Álvarezocruz@uach.mxOfélia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguezaernande@uach.mxDamaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barriosdojeda@uach.mxRafael Ángel Parra-Quezadaraparra@uach.mx<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">In recent decades, water scarcity has increased considerably in Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua – the most important apple-growing region of Mexico. Thus, the objective of this research is focused on evaluating growth and development responses in apple rootstocks graf ted with Golden Delicious subjected to four drought cycles, comparing them with the continuous irrigation treatment. Ten rootstocks were evaluated (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 and MM.109) used in the commercial apple orchards in the area, where all the rootstocks were obtained during the 2020 growing season. The planting was carried out in 20-L pots in March 2020 and a substrate composed of compost, soil and sand was used in a ratio of 1:1:1. The recorded variables measured were moisture percentage in the soil, the leading branch growth, leaf water potential, total biomass, and ef ficient water use. The rootstocks B.9 and M.9 Nic29 showed good results in most of the variables studied. Rootstocks with good recovery of leaf water potential af ter recovery irrigation were found. These rootstocks were; B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 and G.210. The total biomass was statistically the same in G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 and B.9. In conclusion, rootstocks tolerate a certain degree of drought and can contribute to improving water use, highlighting B.9.</span></p>2024-02-01T04:34:53+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1772Ef fect of Biostimulants on Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Growth, Physiology and Biochemical Quality Subjected to Water Stress2024-02-01T04:42:30+00:00Gerardo Anastacio-Angelgerardohort07@gmail.comJosé Antonio González-Fuentesjagf252001@gmail.comAlejandro Zermeño-Gonzálezazermenog@hotmail.comArmando Robledo-Olivoarmando.robledo@outlook.comEduardo Alberto Lara-Reimersagroforestal33@gmail.comFidel Maximiano Peña-Ramosfperamos@gmail.com<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">Currently, agricultural activity is constantly threatened by the ef fects of climate change and radical expression of environmental factors as irregular rainfall distribution responsible for water availability and deficit. These factors generate water stress in productive systems, whose negative ef fect is reflected on morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of vegetative growth. The use of biostimulants arises as a strategy to counteract this impact, improving crop ef ficiency in the use of resources and generating responses, as metabolite production, among other substances that mitigate the ef fects of oxidative stress. In this context, waxes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and ALGAENZIMSMR were used on raspberry plants subjected to moderate water stress (-0. 8 MPa) to evaluate the fruit response in aspects of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical quality. For the establishment, a completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments: Green Cover as 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, salicylic acid 0.27 mM, ALGAENZIMSMR 7.5 mL L-1 and the control with 50% recovery of the transpired volume as well as water potential similar to the rest of plants and 4 replicates. The results showed that waxes, SA and algal extract increased the photosynthetic rate; the four treatments increased root length; waxes increased root height; and H2O2 increased root biomass. Compared to the control, higher levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins were produced in fruits – a very important aspect due to the functionality of these compounds in human health. Therefore, the use of these biostimulants are a very useful tool for crop management in environments with water restriction.</span></p>2024-02-01T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1677Richness and Abundance of Soil Seed Bank in Dif ferent Agroecosystems in Central Veracruz, Mexico2024-02-01T04:42:30+00:00Arturo Pérez-Vázquezparturo@colpos.mxCarlos Nahin Castro-Josecastro.carlos@colpos.mxAna Lid del Angel-Pérezdelangel.analid@inifap.gob.mxMónica de la Cruz Vargas-Mendozamvargas@colpos.mx<p>The soil seed bank is key to plant succession. However, agricultural activities have had a great impact on the vegetation and its composition. The aim was to determine the soil seed bank in dif ferent grazing agroecosystems in the central part of Veracruz state, Mexico. Richness, abundance, diversity, equity, dominance and similarity of the species were quantified and compared among four agroecosystems (silvopastoral, pasture-trees, traditional grazing, and Acahual or secondary vegetation) in Veracruz, Mexico during the year 2017. Samples were collected. of soil at two depths (0-5, > 5-10 cm). A statistical dif ference was found in the seed bank (P < 0.05) in silvopastoral at both depths, 0-5 (H’ = 2.13) and 5-10 (H’ = 1.86). Equity and dominance were higher for this agroecosystem (0.86) and for Acahual (0.58) with statistical dif ferences (P < 0.05). No statistical dif ferences were found at sites between depths (P > 0.05). Similarity was greater than 50% at all sites and increased with soil depth. The evidence suggests that the greatest diversity of the seed bank was in silvopastoral from 0 to 5 cm deep. The seed bank has potential for the restoration of vegetation, mainly herbaceous, and can promote the development of shrubs and trees, despite the management of cattle ranching sites.</p>2024-02-01T04:16:02+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANAhttps://terralatinoamericana.org.mx/index.php/terra/article/view/1785Impact of Humic Acids and Chitosan on the Ionic Composition of the Soil Solution and the Nutritional Content of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Under Greenhouse2024-02-01T04:42:30+00:00Jorge Enrique Canales-Almendaresjorgecanales15@yahoo.esAdalberto Benavides-Mendozaabenmen@gmail.comHortensia Ortega-Ortizhortensia.ortega@ciqa.edu.mxAntonio Juárez-Maldonadojuma841025@gmail.comNazario Francisco-Franciscofafnaz@hotmail.com<p><span data-sheets-formula-bar-text-style="font-size:16px;color:#000000;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:normal;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;">Soil solution (SS) constitutes the volume from which plant roots extract dissolved nutrients. Despite its importance, the impact of its composition due to the application of organic amendments has been relatively little studied. The objective of this research was to study the impact of humic acids (HA) and chitosan (Cs) on the concentration of minerals in the SS, as well as their ef fect on the yield of the cabbage crop (Brassica oleracea L.). Under greenhouse conditions with calcareous soil, two doses of HA were applied (200 and 500 kg ha-1), as well as 50 and 150 kg ha-1 of Cs in a targeted manner. From the SS, 22 samples were taken non-destructively from the root zone once a week. The results of mineral content in the soil solution and mineral content on the biomass did not present significant dierences, however, it was noted that the Cs50 treatment stimulated 41% higher plant biomass than the control (P ≤ 0.5, Tukey). It is concluded that Cs and HA do not significantly impact the ionic content of the SS or the mineral content of the biomass, although they do stimulate the yield. </span></p>2024-02-01T04:41:40+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA