Analysis Of the Hydrological Process of Paired Forest Small Catchments and Evaluation of the Effect of Dam Construction in Channels and Gullies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v44i.2277Keywords:
runof f, hydrograph, rainfall, multiple regressionAbstract
Instrumented paired forest small catchments provide rainfall and runof f data to assess hydrological response and determine the ef fect of dams in streams and gullies. The hydrological response of two paired forest small catchments in the Lake Pátzcuaro watershed was evaluated: the Ichupio small catchment, where dams were constructed in streams and gullies, and the Malacate small catchment, which served as a control. The small catchments were equipped with digital rain gauges to record rainfall and long-throat weirs with ultrasonic sensors to measure discharge. Using linear and multiple regression analyses, 11 precipitation and runof f variables were evaluated to identify their influence on the hydrological response of the small catchments. Thirteen paired events exhibiting simultaneous surface runof f in both small catchments were analyzed. Analysis of the hydrological processes showed that the Malacate small catchment exhibited higher runof f magnitudes (volume, depth, coef ficient, maximum, and mean), even though both small catchments received similar rainfall amounts and intensities. The determining factors for runof f in both small catchments were total event precipitation (PTE), precipitation during the previous 2 days (PP2D), precipitation intensity over 30 minutes (IP30), and runof f duration (TESC). Each small catchment exhibited distinct responses in runof f variables due to the presence of dams in streams and gullies. Associations were identified between water and soil conservation structures and hydrological responses in the Ichupio small catchment, particularly in terms of direct runof f and peak discharge. Significant dif ferences were observed in discharge rates and hydrographs, despite similar rainfall conditions in both small catchments. The results indicate that runof f magnitude depends on the interaction among rainfall, forest cover, and the construction of dams in streams and gullies.
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