Caracterización de Cepas Nativas de Beauveria bassiana Aisladas de Suelos y su Potencial para el Control Biológico de Cosmopolites sordidus en Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v44i.2446Palabras clave:
banano, biotecnología, entomopatógeno, picudo, rizosferaResumen
El hongo entomopatógeno Beauveria bassiana es ampliamente reconocido por su eficacia en el control biológico de Cosmopolites sordidus (picudo negro del banano); sin embargo, se desconoce sobre el potencial entomopatógeno que existen entre cepas nativas del Ecuador. Esta falta de información limita la selección de aislamientos con mayor virulencia, adaptación local o capacidad de persistencia en campo. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar molecular, microscópica y macroscópicamente cuatro cepas nativas de B. bassiana aisladas de la rizosfera del banano y evaluar su efectividad en el control de C. sordidus bajo condiciones controladas. Los aislados codificados como LM012, MCB17, MCA1424 y BBAL31 fueron identificados como B. bassiana y exhibiendo una alta similitud con secuencias de cepas de referencia conocidas. Los aislados de B. bassiana presentaron diferencias en la morfología colonial principalmente en el patrón de crecimiento, color, textura y elevación, estas variaciones morfológicas reflejan la diversidad fenotípica entre los aislados. La exposición de suspenciones de cuatro cepas de B. bassiana en concentración de 1×10⁹ conidios mL-1 causaron el 100% de la mortalidad de adultos de C. sordidus, con el insecticida imidacloprid se alcanzó el 50% de mortalidad. Los valores de TL₅₀ fueron de 12, 15, 13 y 11 días para las cepas LM012, MCB17, MCA1424 y BBAL31, respectivamente, mientras que con imidacloprid fue de 59 días. Adicionalmente, no se observaron diferencias en el porcentaje de colonización de B. bassiana en el cuerpo de adultos de C. sordidus (p > 0.001). Los resultados obtenidos aportan evidencia relevante sobre la eficacia y versatilidad de B. bassiana como herramienta biotecnológica para el control de plagas, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento del enfoque ecológico en la protección vegetal y al diseño de estrategias de manejo integrado más sostenibles y seguras para el ambiente.
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