Impacto de la Fertilización Orgánica y Mineral en la Actividad Reductasa de tres Variedades de Frijol Pinto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v43i.2213Palabras clave:
alcohol bencílico, biocatálisis, enzimas, sargazoResumen
Las enzimas son moléculas que catalizan reacciones químicas, en las plantas participan en diferentes procesos para el desarrollo y la defensa contra el estrés biótico y abiótico. En la química verde se han estudiado microorganismos, semillas y plantas como biocatalizadores para obtener productos amigables con el ambiente. Se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización orgánica y mineral en la actividad reductasa de semillas de tres variedades de frijol pinto, San Rafael (SR), Libertad (Lib) y Vaquita (Vaq); la evaluación se efectuó en tres ciclos de cultivo a nivel invernadero, se consideraron tres dosis de fertilizante orgánico (extracto de sargazo comercial), tres dosis de fertilizante mineral y las combinaciones de ambos; se comparó con un testigo sin fertilizar. La actividad reductasa se midió cuantificando en HPLC la producción de hidroxi metil benceno mediante la reducción de benzaldehído usando las semillas como fuente de catalizadores. Se encontró que la actividad biocatalítica fue SR>Lib>Vaq; al incrementar la fertilización orgánica incrementó la actividad reductasa, mientras que con la fertilización mineral no se observó efecto. En el segundo ciclo de cultivo hubo estrés biótico por una plaga de araña roja, ocasionando un incremento en la actividad biocatalítica en las tres variedades. Las semillas obtenidas de cultivos fertilizados con extracto de sargazo son una buena fuente de reductasas.
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