Caracterización de Microorganismos con Potencial Biotecnológico Aislados en Suelos Agrícolas Abonados de Forma Química y Orgánica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28940/terralatinoamericana.v43i.2233Palabras clave:
contaminación de suelos, herbicidas, plaguicidas, remediación, solubilizaciónResumen
La degradación de los suelos agrícolas es un problema global que afecta negativamente la productividad. Los microorganismos con potencial biotecnológico desempeñan roles cruciales en la remediación de suelos contaminados.
La investigación se llevó a cabo en el laboratorio de Microbiología de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo con el objetivo de caracterizar microorganismos con potencial biotecnológico aislados de suelos agrícolas abonados con fertilizantes químicos y orgánicos bajo condiciones controladas. Se implementó un diseño completamente al azar. Las variables evaluadas fueron pH, unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) ml-1 y densidad óptica, longitud del hipocótilo, índice de vigor, porcentaje e índice de germinación. Los resultados indican que las cepas de suelos contaminados tienen una carga mayor de 7.40×106 a 2.58×108 UFC g-1. La cepa Mo-7 mostró tolerancia a sulfato de aluminio y actividad de solubilización de fosfato, y MQ-6 elevada capacidad para solubilizar urea, fosfato y tolerancia al Al2(SO4)3. Ante la turbidez con pendimentalina, MQ-6 alcanzó la mayor densidad óptica a las 72 horas (2.03). En el análisis de pH en presencia de Al2(SO4)3, MQ-6 fue mayor (8.11). En el crecimiento celular ante Al2(SO4)3, la MQ-6 mantuvo 8.80E+10 UFC ml-1.
La fitotoxicidad in vitro con pendimentalina y Al2(SO4)3 en semillas de Oryza sativa, MQ-6 logró un 100% de germinación, longitud de raíz 6.83 cm y un índice de vigor de 82.50. Con Al2(SO4)3, MQ-6 obtuvo un 100% de germinación, longitud de hipocótilo 23.50 cm y el índice de vigor alto (303.00). Estas cepas demostraron su potencial para biotransformar moléculas tóxicas para el suelo y así promover la sostenibilidad agrícola mediante el proceso de biorremediación.
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